The Theory Of Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill - 2066 Words

Sarah Marin Intro to Philosophy 11 November 2014 One of the most well known ethical theories is the theory of utilitarianism as described by, one of its strongest advocates, John Stuart Mill, in his book Utilitarianism. To put his argument simply, utilitarianism can be summarized as the greatest amount of good for the largest number of people. While, no one can argue that all people strive to be happy, I disagree with the claims that are ultimately supposed to support the theory. Instead of strengthening his argument, segments of the book undermine and put holes in his reasoning, which serve undercut the ideology as a whole. Mill’s claims fail to acknowledge important aspects of humanity such the complexity of our feelings and emotions,†¦show more content†¦Without an unwavering foundation the principles in which the doctrine is built will be unstable and much more easily torn down by critics. Mills establishes his vital fundamental principle as, â€Å"The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure.† (Utilitarianism, Chapter 2) Earlier on in his â€Å"General Remarks† he gives an explanation of the Greatest Happiness Principle, â€Å"†¦men’s sentiments, both of favour and of aversion, are greatly influenced by what they suppose to be the effect of things upon their happiness.† This can be interpreted to mean that all human actions are purely done in an effort to attain happiness, or at least done in order to avoid the reverse of happiness. He goes to great lengths to establish a clear and precise explanation of happiness. It is important to note that happiness and pleasure at times overlap, but are not one in the same. This key distinction was the hamartia for Bentham that gave critics the ability to question the validity of utilitarianism as a moral ideology. Under Mill’s interpretation, pleasure is a quality attainable by any being (he uses the example of swine). While a pig can feel pleasure from rolling in the mud, its

The Future Of Electric Energy - 1161 Words

Upon the first discovery of electricity, the subjects of electricity and magnetism would go on to revolutionize life as we know it. With the rudimentary work completed by the leaders within the field, such as Benjamin Franklin or Nikola Tesla, these brilliant scientists laid the foundation that would go on to become arguably one of the most important aspects of our forever-changed society. Although we have learned to incorporate electricity, it has many uses within our lives. Electric energy is at the forefront of our world’s business, engineering, and medical sectors of the workforce. Public transportation is rapidly getting on the radar for developing new technologies to better serve consumers. With great emphasis being placed on living more eco-friendly lives and the increasing costs of energy, these more efficient transportation models will change the face of history. One major point driving this initiative is the pull back of fossil fuel consumption, and the reduction of greenhouse gases being released into our atmosphere. Both historians and energy experts agree that as society advances, there is a need for more concentrated, powerful forms of energy, like rocket fuel instead of gasoline. Electric vehicles are one of these technologies to hit the consumer markets. Companies such as Toyota and Tesla are beginning to manufacture both hybrid and electric vehicles. Electric cars work on the basis of expending the energy stored in a battery (or series of batteries) forShow MoreRelatedThe Electric Energy : A Modern Cleaner And Reliable System For The Future1183 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The electric energy challenges the future are likely to get more complex and challenging, especially with the new infrastructures with the need of new technologies. 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The Design For Manufacture Engineering Essay Free Essays

string(19) " caput to oil pan\." A fabrication system contain a big figure of different procedures or phases which independently and jointly, affects merchandise cost, merchandise quality and productiveness of the overall system. The interactions between these assorted facet of fabricating systems are complex and determinations made refering one facet have consequence which extend to the others shown in fig below. Figure: – Fabrication Interactions [ 4 ] Design for industry is concerned with understanding these interactions and utilizing this information to optimise the fabricating systems with regard to cost, quality and productiveness. We will write a custom essay sample on The Design For Manufacture Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now More specially DFM is concerned with understanding how merchandise design cooperate with the other constituents of the fabrication system and in specifying merchandise design options which help do easy planetary optimisation of the fabricating systems as a whole. [ 4 ] Design for Manufacturability ( DFM ) is a betterment plan that can minimise labour, stuffs, procedure, and production costs without giving the quality of the merchandise. DFM focuses on how the merchandise design interacts with the other constituents of the fabrication system and in specifying design options. In planing for manufacturability the elements of a merchandise and a procedure are analyzed to develop a fabrication system that meets the demands of organisation. In most companies interior decorators and fabrication installations are separated and have little interaction. The basic rule of DFM is to fall in the two into a functional group that will understand and understand the possible drivers of manufacturability that produces quality merchandises for the client. So in our instance, as the constituent to be manufactured is a cylinder block and is bespoke designed and a really low volume production for which design for industry constructs need to be applied. So, in this instance the design for industry constructs associating to big volume production can non be straight applied and therefore DFM constructs associating to rapid prototyping will be more applicable. And, due to the nature of the fabrication demands of this construct, there will be different challenges than those of a mass production demand. Prototyping, the first physical proverb of a design construct, often requires a big investing of clip and money to depict the procedures and tooling. The design goes through alteration during the portion industry as a consequence of the information added during the prototyping stage. Thus the clip taken from the construct phase to the terminal merchandises is longer with regard to that for occupation store fabrication. These limitation suggest the demand for a design for manufacturability atmosphere to diminish the entire cost and the fabricating lead clip for the first portion. When a thought is transformed to an really manufacturable portion design, many alterations are common. The fabrication procedure is often selected on the footing of portion form and size, stuff belongingss and production volume. Such alteration in fabrication procedures is common in the batch and mass production. But in prototyping and occupation stores it is by and large non easy to do common or major alterations in the fabrication processes. When conventional fabrication method is used to make paradigm, the long lead clip and the high cost cut down the figure of ideas that are truly converted into paradigms and theoretical accounts. For illustration in our instance the cylinder block demands to hold structural rigidness, wear opposition, corrosion opposition, high thermic conduction and thermic stableness and visible radiation in weight. This requires a usage of the different stuffs, fabrication procedures, analyses, and eventually proving over a broad scope of operating conditions for each design option. High velocity digital computing machines have helped the design applied scientist to analyse the options. However, every bit long as conventional procedures are used. It is non possible to prototype a big figure of design constructs, each necessitating specialized tooling and machine tools. This expression like one of the major jobs in diminishing the entire growing clip. [ 1 ] Design for Manufacturing – Guidelines [ 6 ] The bosom of any design for fabrication system is a design principles or guidelines that are prepared to assist the interior decorator decrease the cost and complexness of fabrication of merchandise. The guidelines are: lessen the entire figure of parts Homogenize constituents Use common parts across merchandise lines Homogenize design characteristics Aspire to keep designs functional and simple Design parts to be multifunctional Design parts for simpleness of industry Avoid highly tight tolerances Lessen secondary and finishing operations Employ the particular features of procedures. General Design Rules: – [ 6 ] Design for little – workers -cost operations Design a portion so that as many fabricating operations as possible can be achieved with no resettlement it. Design for all-purpose tooling whenever possible Avoid crisp corners Design light weight Measurement from surfaces whenever possible Avoid thin walls, thin webs, or similar features that will ensue in dimensions due to fabrication. Avoid little holes and threaded features because tool cleft and portion bit rise. Avoid undercuts that will necessitate a particular tools and operations. Design round the criterion cutters, bore spot sizes of other tools. For threaded hole ; Design for full yarn deepness. Typically 1.5 ten major diameters gives sufficient keeping power. Drilled hole deepness is suggested to be at least equal to the full yarn plus ? major diameter, but ne’er less than 0.050 † . When material thickness license, thru holes are favoured The design of the cylinder block is already exist based on basic map required. So in that design it is really difficult to alter anything. But some of the design form can be change for Ease of machining with utilizing the DFM guidelines and design regulations.For illustration the design form of oil transition manner in the mention theoretical account block ( AJ-V8 ) is half rectangular and half curvature can be redesign utilizing DFM guidelines for easiness of machining in to the hole form. So antecedently design ( rectangular/Curvature ) needed the casting or slotting and boring operation while new design ( Hole ) is merely needed the boring operation. This both design provides the same map of oil way from caput to oil pan. You read "The Design For Manufacture Engineering Essay" in category "Essay examples" Conventional Design and industry and different DFM methods Figure: -Sequence of events prevailing in industry for the design and industry of merchandise [ 2 ] The above flow chart shows the assorted stairss in the instance of conventional theoretical account of design and industry of merchandises. This is a really chronological manner of bring forthing constituents. This sequence start with the construct of an program for a new or modified merchandise. These thoughts for new and enhanced merchandises come from the clients, employees and new engineering. After the blessing of thought, the new or improved merchandise is so designed, engineered and analyzed for map and public presentation. A design stage is dwelling of industrial or merchandise design stage and applied scientist design stage. Next an analysis of the design from point of position of map and public presentation takes topographic point. Next the design is detailed as the staying dimensions and tolerances are added, the stuff is specified, and production drawing is produced. Finally the merchandise is twisted over to fabricating where both production design and procedure design t akes topographic point. [ 2 ] This consecutive manner of the operation is still found in the industry today. Design for industry elements Figure: – Cardinal elements of successful design for industry [ 3 ] As it can be seen from the fig above there are assorted elements that make up the design for industry possible. These are: Team Work Coincident technology DFM Techniques And in general the whole thought is based around the fabrication procedure used in the devising of the portion in inquiry. Four constituents of DFM are represented in the diagram by overlapping circles to emphasis their mutuality and the demand for them all to be in a competitory merchandise debut procedure. By using the DFM chief early in new merchandise design, optimum usage is made of stuffs and procedures, when alteration is easier and less expensive and overall cumulative usage and merchandise debut procedure lead clip are reduced. Modified DFM for this undertaking Assorted elements of a criterion DFM which are non required for this undertaking ‘s design have been eliminated in order to maintain merely the 1s that are required. These elements are: Undertaking Concept Purchased constituents Merchandise Design Material choice Procedure choice Production system design End Merchandise Figure: – Modified DFM for Cylinder Block The above diagram shows the modified DFM for the cylinder block. The purpose is to plan a cylinder block that is easy and economically manufactured as design precedes from construct design, to constellation and parametric design and to detail design, the stuff and procedure choice becomes more elaborate. The DFM is commanding all 6 parametric quantities and end product of this whole procedure is an terminal merchandise a cylinder block. The value of DFM is highlighted by the fact that approximately 70 % of fabrication costs like stuff cost and machining cost of a merchandise is determined by design judgement, with production judgement for illustration tool and machine choice and procedure planning is responsible for merely 20 % . Purchased constituents Normally the undertaking chief restraint is to utilize the installations available in the Coventry University foremost. So in this undertaking it been seek to utilize the upper limit installations i.e. machine, stuffs, tools, workshops etc. available in Coventry University. But Some of the installation is non available in university and without that peculiar installations it is impossible to finish this undertaking ( fabrication of the cylinder block ) .For illustration to supply a proper wear opposition interior cylinder dullard surface, the casting technique is used typically, which installation is non available in university. The other and last option is to buy the ready made dramatis personae Fe or Al-Si A390 line drives. The size of the engine is really little, it is merely a paradigm theoretical account so its really difficult to acquire the ready made cylinder line drives from out side maker, It need to order for industry and so buy it. Besides the whole cylinder block is traveling to be industry from the aluminum alloys A356. ( Why described subsequently in deep ) .So demand to buy needed size of note stuff ( block ) .And the stuff for the fixture home base and chief bearing cap is cast Fe ( Why described subsequently in deep ) .So demand to buy the dramatis personae Fe note bock from outside maker every bit good. In this undertaking cylinder bore arm and the grouch instance will be purchase as the workshop installations are non capable for fabricating these constituents to the needed specifications. Material choices and procedures The designation of the importance of stuffs choice in design has increased in recent old ages. The importance given to quality and cost facets of fabrication in present twenty-four hours merchandise design has highlight the fact that stuffs and fabrication are closely related in determining concluding merchandise public presentation. The scope of stuffs available to the applied scientist is much broader than of all time earlier. This presents the chance for originality in design by utilizing these stuffs to offer greater public presentation at lower cost. Geting these benefits needs a logical procedure for stuffs choice. Wrongly chosen stuff can take non merely to failure of the block but besides to excessive life-cycle cost. Choosing the best stuff for a block involves more than taking both a stuff that has the belongingss to provide the necessary public presentation in service and the processing techniques used to bring forth the finished portion. Fig- Modified Interrelationship between stuffs choices and fabrication in Cylinder block design. Figure shows the modified interrelatedness between cylinder block design public presentation demands, stuff belongingss, and fabricating consideration in choosing the stuff and in planing the cylinder block. In this Block design, stuff belongingss and the fabrication procedure country interrelated with each other. That means the any alteration in one of them affects the other two parametric quantities. Measure by measure material choice procedure as per the item design and the cylinder block public presentation demands are described subsequently in inside informations. The stuff chosen here is the Aluminium alloys-A356-T4 for the cylinder block and aluminum alloys A390-T4 for the cylinder line drives. The all belongingss of aluminum metals are precisely fit with the public presentation required belongingss of cylinder block comparison to the other stuffs. For illustration good machinability is the chief demand in stuff as decided that the whole cylinder block is traveling to be machi ned. And aluminum in general rate extremely in the machinability tabular array by most of the standards. The ground for taking the aluminum metals are described subsequently in deep. A fabrication procedure converts a stuff into a finished portion or merchandise. The alterations that take topographic point happen with regard to barricade geometry, or they can act upon the internal microstructure and hence the belongingss of the stuff. As followed the undertaking status or restriction the fabrication procedure used here for the whole cylinder block is machining ( 3 axis milling machine ) .So any needed package or other preparation/process to short out the suited fabrication procedure for the cylinder block is non needed here. A fabrication procedure is divided whether the procedure is aggregate conserving or mass reduction. The milling machining procedure is a mass cut downing procedure in which the mass of the start stuff is greater than the terminal merchandise. Such procedure is form coevals procedure because portion signifier is created by the comparative gesture between the tool and the note block. And material removed is caused by controlled break, runing, o r chemical reaction. Merchandise design: – With the traditional method, the interior decorator would work out an initial idea and change over that into a merchandise design, doing little alteration as required to run into the specification. DFM need that the interior decorator begin the procedure by bearing in head assorted design thought alternate early in the path. At this phase, little has been invested in a design option and much can be derive if a more successful design procedure can be developed. Using some of the old design system as a construction, the interior decorator needs to fruitfully develop design option. Then option is evaluated against DFM aims. [ 5 ] Basically the whole cylinder block is designed with taking mention of jaguar AJ-V8 cylinder block. Most of the design geometry in our instance of the cylinder block similar to AJ-V8 except some complex geometry and the size of all design geometry. The new designed cylinder block size is 1/3 of the AJ-V8 cylinder block, means all the design characteristics of designed cylinder block will be 1/3 of AJ-V8 design characteristics. The cooling H2O jacket, cylinder dullards, the chief bearing hole, crankshaft transition ( Bulkhead ) and some other little design are complex and clip devouring but the field holes, threaded holes for mounting the accoutrements and other intent are easy to machine. The chief design of the cylinder block is depend on the demand of the terminal merchandise ( Customers ) i.e. light weight, cheap, on clip etc. If the cylinder block is design with support in head of light weight construct so the design will be alteration and add some more clip and complex operation in machining but lighter in weight than old design. Here in this undertaking two different design of cylinder block is generated with maintaining in head of combination of easy machining and light weight construct. The design inside informations are described subsequently on in design subdivision ) . At the design phase of the cylinder block it would be good to maintain in head some factors which makes easy and speedy production. Those factors are Milling machining ( specifications, bounds, capacity etc. ) , Material ( Properties, machinability, handiness etc ) , Tooling ‘s and mounting accoutrements and other particular installations. The improved chief design geometry worked out on base of these factors and available installations are ; Cooling H2O jacket Crankcase/Bed home base /Skirt Coolant drain hole Main bearing cap The above new modified designs characteristics of cylinder block are described in design subdivision in inside informations. Factors act uponing the design of the cylinder blocks: Cylinder block design is a complex activity which has to take into consideration a big figure of varied factors. These factors are by and large grouped in the undermentioned classs: Factors related to merchandise specifications, such as weight, expected service life of block dependability, human factor, easiness of operation, frequence of failure, runing cost, titling, possibility of usage after retirement. Factors related to plan specification such as complexness, design codification, runing tonss, flexibleness, lubrication, thermic consideration, electrical consideration and expected life. Material related factors such as strength, stamina, stiffness, denseness, corrosion and wear opposition, cost, handiness, runing point, thermic conduction, procedure ability and recycling. And the fabrication related factors such as available fiction procedure, truth, surface coating, required measure and quality, bringing clip and cost. Successful design should take into history the map, stuff belongingss and fabricating procedures as shown in the fig below. The fig besides shows that there is secondary relationship between stuff belongingss and fabrication procedures, between map and fabrication procedures, and between map and stuff belongingss. The relationship between the design and stuff belongingss is complicated because the public presentation of the stuff in the finished merchandise can be reasonably different from that of the stock stuff used in doing it. This is shown in fig.which shows the direct influence of stock stuff belongingss, production method and component geometry and external forces on the behavior of stuffs in the finished constituent. Fig besides shows that secondary relationship exists between geometry and production method, between stock stuff and production method, and stock stuff and component geometry. ( Mahmoud m.farag ) Factor that should see in a constituent Design Figure: – Factors that should be considered in expecting the behavior of stuff in the constituent ( Cylinder Block ) Production system design: – Production system design is connected with the market analysis, merchandise design, fabrication, gross revenues and distribution. In our instance there is no selling analysis and non even gross revenues and distribution so the production system will be easy to plan. Because of this is one-off merchandise it does n’t required any large production line or particular equipments. The production system in our instance covers the machining, tooling and other work piece mounting accoutrements. The whole cylinder block is traveling to be machined on the 3-axis manual milling machine. The milling machine is located at Coventry university workshop. In the workshop CNC 5-axis milling machine is besides available but due to the undertaking restraint, the usage of the other machine is non possible. The Numberss of different tools and cutters are required for the machining of the cylinder block which is besides available in workshop.The machine is ever free for making the occupation ( machi ning ) . For mounting the cylinder block on the machine, it is been decided to utilize spliting caput, and fixture home base. Dividing caput is already available in workshop and in good status. And the fixture is traveling to be design foremost and so manufactured from the dramatis personae Fe individually before the machining of cylinder block. The machining operation can be performed from 9.30 am to 4.30 autopsy in the university workshop. [ 0 ] Boothroyd, G. , 1988, Dewhurst, P. , Product Design for Manufacture and Assembly [ 1 ] Issue in design/manufacture integrating 1990, Sponsored by ; The design for industry commission of the design applied scientist division, ASME, DE-Vol.29 [ 2 ] Design for fabricating a structural approachby corrado poli, University of Massachsetts Amhest,2001 [ 3 ] Design for industry Congress seminar documents – 33, Chairman – J Ford Lucas auto braking Systems. [ 4 ] Design for industry Schemes, Principles and Techniques by toilet Corbett, mikedooner, John Meleka and Christopher Pym.-1991 [ 5 ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.npd-solutions.com/dfm.html [ 6 ] Engineering Design byGeorge E.Dieter and Linda C.Schmidt-4th Edition, McGraw Hill-2009. How to cite The Design For Manufacture Engineering Essay, Essay examples

The company Analysis free essay sample

The company has large scale of distribution channels and operation centres in all over the world. Industry analysis of SP stated that economic improvement in international markets helps to enhance the stability of the multinational companies. The non-alcoholic beverage industry has high sales in countries outside the U. S. According to the Standard and Poors Industry surveys, For major soft drink companies, there has been economic improvement in many major international markets, such as Japan, Brazil, and Germany. These markets will continue to play a major role in the success and stable growth for a majority of the non-alcoholic beverage industry. There is a low growth in the market for carbonated drinks, especially in Coca Cola’s main market, North AmericaThe demand for carbonated drinks decreases and this pulled down the revenues of Coca Cola. The company established non-profit associations in universities to support the academic and sports activities they contact with over 400. We will write a custom essay sample on The company Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 000 student athletes in more 1000 education canters. Technological Analysis Technology is the main focus of the analysis where the introduction and the emerging technological techniques are valued. This creates opportunities for new products and product improvements in terms of marketing and production. As the technology advances, new products are introduced into the market.The advancement in technology has led to the creation of cherry coke in 1985 but consumers still prefers the traditional taste of the original coke. Company’s RD departments also use advanced technologies to create and enhance new products. Customised technologies using naturally-occurring systems help company to deliver great-tasting beverages. Environmental Analysis The Coca-Cola system’s environmental commitments are focused on the areas in which they have the most significant opportunities to make a difference – water stewardship, sustainable packaging and energy management and climate protection.Coca-Cola vision is to advance a packaging framework in which their packaging is no longer seen as waste, but instead as a valuable resource for future use. Legal Analysis Legal aspect focuses on the effect of the national and world legislation. The Coca Cola Company receives all the rights applicable in the nature of their business and every inventions and product developments are always going into the patented process.

The dissolution of the manasteries Essay Example For Students

The dissolution of the manasteries Essay The Dissolution of the Monasteries and the events which followed, were all brought about as a direct result of the break with Rome. The reason for the break, lies simply in Henrys frustration at his inability to secure a divorce form his wife Catherine of Aragon, and a blessing from the Pope for his new marriage to Anne Boleyn, although arguably, there was a need for reformation within the church. Prior to the break with Rome, the church was rife with pluralism, simony (one of the popes main failings) and breaches of the vows of celibacy. It is therefore clear that there were problems with the English church prior to the break, but although it was unpopular, many people including Henry remained Catholic:A firm Catholic, he was keen to have papal approval, and the more unlikely this became, the more he was forced to question the Popes jurisdiction in England 2To accomplish a break, Henry needed some kind of justification, and he would also have to ensure that in implementing the break itself, he was not seen as supporting heresy and the Protestant reformation in particular. With the aid of advisor Thomas Cromwell, Henry aims to enact the break with Rome using statute authority; that of the king, lords and commons acting through parliament. We will write a custom essay on The dissolution of the manasteries specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A sequence of truly revolutionary acts of parliament now cut the bonds spiritual, legal, financial which linked the English church and state to Rome 3There were several main landmarks in the break with Rome, the first of which was the act in restraint of appeals. This was a justification and definition of royal supremacy, and was grafted by Thomas Cromwell. It was the act of supremacy in 1534 however, that would prove to be Henrys greatest step forward in the break. It confirmed Henrys headship of the church and explicitly reserved the crown the rights to the organizing and jurisdictional powers formerly held by the Papacy. By this, the crown would control the right o define the churchs teachings and doctrinal decisions, ultimately resulting in the downfall of the monasteries. As a result of Henrys pressure on the English clergy in his attempts to convince the Pope to grant a divorce, the dissolution of the monasteries became an important and necessary task. By removing the Popes most loyal supporters from England, Henry was severely limiting his power. In 1533, in stead of Anne Boleyns impending pregnancy, Thomas Cranmer, an archbishop, declared Henrys marriage to Catherine invalid, (the king must stop living in this sin with this woman who is not his wife 4) and married him to Anne Boleyn. The Act of Supremacy then, established Henry as head of the Church of England, and marked the end of the Popes influence in his realm. Threatened by the Pope with excommunication, if he did not take Catherine back, all hopes of reconciliation with Rome were passed. Henrys reformation was moving quickly.When henry VIII first initiated the dissolution of the Monasteries, he was facing criticism from various sides. It must be understood that in deciding the validity of Henrys claims for the dissolution, there are two sides to the argument. Protestant supporters of Henrys actions, argue that after the 1530s, all the monasteries were corrupt and a place where sinners lived in a luxury paid for by others. The reasons for monastic life they claimed, were based on a lie created by the Papacy, to strengthen its own position: In order to lessen the time a person spends in purgatory when they die, money must be donated to the church in order to save their soul. .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 , .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .postImageUrl , .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 , .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:hover , .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:visited , .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:active { border:0!important; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:active , .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844 .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub1f412cb26dacc99a9c728b049d3d844:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hate crimes EssayAs a result of these false and morally corrupt claims on behalf of the Papacy, Protestants argued that the monasteries deserved to be dissolved, as the money they survived upon was gained under false pretences. Another factor that supports Henrys argument for the dissolution, were the results found from the valor ecclesiasticus. Within this, it was discovered that on average, one quarter of a monastic houses wealth went to the head of the house, usually an absentee leader, living their life as a country gentleman, free form responsibility. Revelations such as this obviously angered the public, but whether or not Henry was angered in the

Free Essays on Different People, Same Stories

Different people, same stories R.P. McMurphy and Luke Jackson were very similar characters with a few differences. R.P. McMurphy is the main character in Ken Kesey’s classic novel about Mac’s experiences coming into a mental hospital which is very corrupt, One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest. Luke is the main character in the 1967 movie Cool Hand Luke, which won two Oscars. Luke is sentenced to a stretch after he is arrested for drunkenly decapitating the heads off of parking meters. Cool Hand Luke is the story of Luke living in a chain gang. Although Lukes story takes place in prison on a chain gang, and Mac’s Story takes place in a mental hospital, these characters are shockingly similar. One of the first differences between these two characters is how they respond to higher authority. Luke does what he is told, while Mac will resist authority and fight back. One example of this is after Luke escapes. The guards order him to dig a hole and then fill it back up repeatedly. Luke obeys and does not stop until the guards let him. Whereas, Mac does everything his own way. Mac wants nothing more in the world than to watch the world series, Nurse Ratched will not allow such a distracting activity in her ward and sternly says no. During the afternoon chores, Mac declares that it is time for the game. When he turns on the TV, Ratched quickly cuts the power. This does not phase Mac or any of the acutes, they just sit there watching a blank TV. Nurse Ratched starts screaming and ranting finally losing her poise, and even though Mac does not get to watch the world series, he still wins because he won his bet that he could make the nurse lose her composure in a week. Another difference between these two is how they arrive at their respective locations. Mac went to the hospital voluntarily, while Luke was sentenced to go to the prison. Before the mental hospital, Mac was at a work farm. He faked insanity ... Free Essays on Different People, Same Stories Free Essays on Different People, Same Stories Different people, same stories R.P. McMurphy and Luke Jackson were very similar characters with a few differences. R.P. McMurphy is the main character in Ken Kesey’s classic novel about Mac’s experiences coming into a mental hospital which is very corrupt, One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest. Luke is the main character in the 1967 movie Cool Hand Luke, which won two Oscars. Luke is sentenced to a stretch after he is arrested for drunkenly decapitating the heads off of parking meters. Cool Hand Luke is the story of Luke living in a chain gang. Although Lukes story takes place in prison on a chain gang, and Mac’s Story takes place in a mental hospital, these characters are shockingly similar. One of the first differences between these two characters is how they respond to higher authority. Luke does what he is told, while Mac will resist authority and fight back. One example of this is after Luke escapes. The guards order him to dig a hole and then fill it back up repeatedly. Luke obeys and does not stop until the guards let him. Whereas, Mac does everything his own way. Mac wants nothing more in the world than to watch the world series, Nurse Ratched will not allow such a distracting activity in her ward and sternly says no. During the afternoon chores, Mac declares that it is time for the game. When he turns on the TV, Ratched quickly cuts the power. This does not phase Mac or any of the acutes, they just sit there watching a blank TV. Nurse Ratched starts screaming and ranting finally losing her poise, and even though Mac does not get to watch the world series, he still wins because he won his bet that he could make the nurse lose her composure in a week. Another difference between these two is how they arrive at their respective locations. Mac went to the hospital voluntarily, while Luke was sentenced to go to the prison. Before the mental hospital, Mac was at a work farm. He faked insanity ...

Multicultaralism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Multicultaralism - Essay Example The various literary works analyzed in the later sections of this essay discusses the socio-political concept of multiculturalism as described by Samuel Selvon in The Lonely Londoners, and Hanif Kureishi in The Rainbow Sign and The Beautiful Launderette. This substantiates the fact that individuals from multicultural backgrounds, including the author himself, desperately crave for secure roots that secures them a place, a notion or a cultural identity of their own. The author’s narratives which take him back to a country of his origin is an attempt to forge a relationship with a land although alien to him secures him a root of his cultural origins thus giving him a sense of belonging and identity which is somehow lost in the multicultural milieu of his migrant country. The book ‘The Lonely Londoners’ by Sam Selvon, is based on the lives and journey of colored immigrants who migrated to the British Isles from West Indies in search of wealth and prosperity. It goes on to describe how the various characters in the story were exposed to racist remarks and discriminatory behavior at the hands of the locals. The story is told in creolized English to give an immigrant flavor to it. The apparent references to the color of these migrants who belong to a host of countries including Jamaica, Nigeria, and Trinidad suggest the discrimination of people belonging alien origins whereby the ‘blacks’ were often paid lower wages on account of their color – an obvious form of racial discrimination.... a relationship with a land although alien to him, secures him a root of his cultural origins thus giving him a sense of belonging and identity which is somehow lost in the multicultural milieu of his migrant country. The Lonely Londoners The book 'The Lonely Londoners' by Sam Selvon, is based on the lives and journey of colored immigrants who migrated to British Isles from West Indies in search of wealth and prosperity. It goes on to describe how the various characters in the story were exposed to racist remarks and discriminatory behavior at the hands of the locals. The story is told in creolised English to give an immigrant flavor to it. The apparent references to the color of these migrants who belong to a host of countries including Jamaica, Nigeria and Trinidad suggest the discrimination of people belonging alien origins whereby the 'blacks' were often paid lower wages on account of their color - an obvious form of racial discrimination. This issue is addressed by one of the characters Gallahad who has been looking for employment in the land and voices his beliefs: "Why the hell you can't be blue, or red or green, if you can't be white' You know is you that cause a lot of misery in the world. Is not me, you know, is you! I ain't do anything to infuriate the people and them, is you! Look at you, you so black and innocent, and this time you causing misery all over the world (Elizabeth, 2002, Pp.156)" The Rainbow Sign In the essay, The Rainbow Sign, the author Hanif Kureishi, describes the pain of a migrant and his view of the world which is blurred, confused and hybrid, and, rarely pure and complete. It describes the loss of being detached from one's roots and the feeling of being tucked away in an alien land but at the same time describing the joys of living

Causes of the Mexican-American War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Causes of the Mexican-American War - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that the present Texas – a land that was said to be similar to Germany in terms of size – was formerly a part of the Mexican Republic, until its residents, then known as Texicans or Texans, revolted against the Mexican government. Settlers from different parts of the United States were said to have populated Texas during the 1820’s up to the 1830’s, when the Mexican government encouraged them to reside in the northern part of Mexico which was then unpopulated. And in 1821, the first Anglo-American colony led by Stephen Fuller Austin was established in Texas. However, the settlers were not contented with the way the city government of Mexico was running the province. The Texans were furious with the plan of Mexico to bring the country under the control of a single authority. It further aggravated their anger when a government proclamation concerning the abolition of slavery was implemented.This study outlines that  the Texans w ere a kindred people whose natural place was under the American flag. For a third reason, they feared that Great Britain might intervene in Texas and try to establish a protectorate. And finally, pocket motives were at work. Northerners wished to sell farm products and manufactured goods in Texas; shipping owners saw that their vessels could make profitable voyages to Galveston; Yankee mill owners wished to have cheap Texas cotton spin. Many Southerners wanted to migrate and yet were unwilling to leave the American flag.

Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Ethics - Essay Example That notwithstanding, the emphasis of business ethics attracts many potential employees as well as investors to the organisation because such stakeholders always want to be associated with organisations that observes ethical business practices (Mitchell, 2009). Jeremy Bentham was a renowned philosopher, social reformer and jurist who came from England. He lived from1748 to 1832. Through his entire life, he was determined in transforming the English legal system by coming up with more comprehensive legal apparatus that took into consideration all aspects of the fundamental rights of the people. Bentham is a significant figure in philosophical ethics given the enormous contribution that he made, which shaped what is regarded as the modern utilitarianism. Most of his scholarly works were founded from the ideologies of Hume, and it is from that perspective that he came up with the principle of utility that is popular in modern times as utilitarianism. According to Bentham, everything that happens in the world occurs with two motives either to cause pain or happiness. The acts that cause pain are undesirable, and thus people tend to avoid them since they cause discomfort to those involved. On the other hand, acts that cause happiness are regard ed as pleasant, and they result in good for the greatest number of people. Thus, from this analogy the modern principle of utilitarianism that states â€Å"any act that is done should result in goodness for the greatest number of people† came into existence (Cory, 2005). Bakan argues that organisations are designed in a manner that they are bestowed with the privileges of an artificial person but through their power, influence, and great financial ability they these same rights that have been granted to them. The personality of a psychopath can be elaborated from four major points of view. To begin with corporations are irresponsible, they can do whatever it

Okonkwos tradition drink palm-wine

Okonkwos tradition drink palm-wine Chapter 1 â€Å"He was a man of action, a man of warOn great occasions such as the funeral of a village celebrity he drank his palm-wine from his first human head.† (Page 10) This quote introduces us of to Okonkwos tradition to drink his palm-wine from a human skull. This shows us the difference between Okonkwo and Ibo. This also shows that Okonkwo admires men who are tough fighters as well. He rejected his father, a man who was afraid of the sight of blood, partially because he never became a fighter. Chapter 2 â€Å"Perhaps down in his heart Okonkwo was not a cruel man. But his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and of weakness.†(Page 13) The quote emphasizes that Okonkwo felt that his father was a failure. According to Okonkwo, his father possessed unsuitable feminine qualities. This is one of the fundamental causes which cause him to commit some silly acts. His actions also results in his eldest son in becoming a â€Å"failure† (in Okonkwos opinion) as well. His son possesses none of the qualities that Okonkwo admires. Chapter 3 â€Å"An old woman is always uneasy when dry bones are mentioned in a proverb. Okonkwo remembered his own father.†(Page 21) This Ibo proverb shows how much Okonkwo hates his father. He felt that he was a failure and he basically rejects everything that his father stood for. He is ashamed of his father, primarily because of his coward-like qualities, his failure to rise up in society, and his failure to become a warrior. Chapter 4 â€Å"But he was not the man to go about telling his neighbors that he was in error. And so people said he had no respect for the gods of the clan. His enemies said that his good fortune had gone to his head.† (Page 33) In this quote, Achebe portrays Okonkwos character. Okonkwo clearly shows a lack of thought topped by his pretentiousness. He was not a very likable person. Thus, people hated him and his achievements and was respected by very few. Later on in the novel, we also see another characteristic develop in Okonkwo hypocrisy. In those later chapters, he will reject everything he and his tribesman stand for. Chapter 5 â€Å"The Feast of the New Yam was held every year before the harvest began, to honor the earth goddess and the ancestral spirits of the clan. New yams could not be eaten until some had first been offered to these powers. Men and women, young and old, looked forward to the New Yam Festival because it began the season of plentythe new year.† (Page 36) When we were reading Great Expectations, we were asked to carefully analyze the food present in the novel. The food present in Things Fall Apart is as significant. Yams was the main source of food. In fact, the yams were so highly regarded in the society that they were often called the â€Å"the king of the crops.† Further, people utilized the yams for all traditional celebrations. This food can be linked with the religious and ancestral societal spirits. Certain celebrations such as the New Yam Festival took place to honor certain foods. Chinua Achebe used agriculture to express certain characteristics of each festival and celebration of the Igbo society. Chapter 6 â€Å"The wrestlers were now almost stillin each others grip. The muscles on their arms and their thighs and on their backs stood out and twitched It looked like an equal match.† (Page 50) Although this chapter may seem significant it actually has a very significant common idea the wrestling match. Although wrestling may seem like a brutal sport, it was an integral part of the local culture and society. Tribal customs outline what every member is supposed to do. Without customs, a culture does not exist. Moreover, wrestling matches for the Ibo village signified a boy becoming a man. The only way to prove himself worthy to be a man is to wrestle. This shows the importance of physical strength in the tribe. Chapter 7 â€Å"No matter how prosperous a man was, if he was unable to rule his women and his children (and especially his women) he was not really a man.† (Page 53) Okonkwo, the protagonist of the novel, is a very gender-role oriented man. When women gained the power to trade, we are made aware that their status in society is progressing upwards. Trade changed basic family relations and the ideas upon which Igbo culture was established. It seems the idea that a man should â€Å"rule his women and children† does not perhaps come from Okonkwo himself, but rather from the Igbo culture itself. Overall, however, this quote symbolizes that women were looked upon as being inferior to men at the time. Chapter 8 â€Å"When did you become a shivering old woman, Okonkwo asked himself, you, who are known in all the nine villages for your valor in war? How can a man who has killed five men in battle fall to pieces because he has added a boy to their number? Okonkwo, you have become a woman indeed.† (Page 65) The Ibo culture is very different from modern culture as shown by the novel. One clear difference between most modern societies and the Ibo society was that warfare between different clans or tribes does not occur. The Ibo culture praises manliness and parades fighters. Today, society teaches us to honor warriors who fight against other countries, rather than with regional clans. This quote shows that vast difference between the two time periods. Chapter 9 â€Å"For the first time in three nights,Okonkwo slept.He woke up oncein the middle of thenightand his mind went back to the pastthreedays without making him feel uneasy. He began to wonder why he had felt uneasy at all.† (Page 75) In this quote, we see that Okonkwo is noticing something wrong. He feels that something is simply not right, yet he cannot figure what it quite is. Later on in the novel, we will learn that â€Å"things fall apart.† This quote is an indication that something wrong will happen. This shows Achebe using foreshadowing to provide insight into what might happen next. Chapter 10 â€Å"Okonkwos wives, and perhaps other women as well, might have noticed that the secondegwugwuhad the springy walk of Okonkwo. And they might also have noticed that Okonkwo was not among the titled men and elders who sat behind the row ofegwugwu. But if they thought these things they kept them to themselves.† (Pages 89-90) This quote portrays a scene in much detail while also using humor. The â€Å"thoughtful silence† of the women is extremely ironic. The quote reveals the attitude of women on the topic of power. Here, the women also reveal that they posses more knowledge of reality as compared to what they wish to reveal. Therefore, Achebe seems to recognize the importance and equality of women, something which was not usually regarded in a male dominant society. Chapter 11 â€Å"Go home and sleep, said Okonkwo. I shall wait here.† (Page 108) Okonkwo seems to genuinely love his family. He also seems to have genuine concern over the welfare and wellbeing of his children. In this quote, Okonkwo demonstrates his concern over the safety of his family. Although some would argue that Okonkwos â€Å"iron fisted† rule clearly shows no love for his family, I would differ. Perhaps, these beatings, instead, represented the way people acted in the society at that time. Physical punishment was very common in the era. Therefore, it is possible that Okonkwo was only using the beatings as a method to teach his children discipline. Basically, Okonwo loves his family, however, he is afraid to show this quality since her fears that it might portray him as being feminine. Chapter 12 â€Å"Okonkwo was also feeling tired, and sleepy, for although nobody else knew it, he had not slept at all last night.† (Page 112) Chapter 12 marks the first time that Okonkwo seems to be tired. This was a quality that he detested. Achebe shows Okonkwos tiredness to conflict with his earlier beliefs. This shows Okonkwos hypocritical nature. The fact that Okonkwo broke his vow is crucial since they were the foundation of his life. This will cause problems for him further on in the novel. Chapter 13 â€Å"The only course open to Okonkwo was to flee from the clan.† (Page 124) In the second part of the novel, Achebe uses several incidents that hold back Okonkwo from the commendation of his tribesman, establishing asimilarity towards his own father. This was surprising considering his own hatred for his father. In this quote Okonkwo accidently kills the tribesmans son and then escapes from the village to hide from any punishment. This shows his cowardness, a characteristic possessed by his father. This also shows Okonkwos hypocrisy. After all, he, himself, looked down upon cowards. Chapter 14 â€Å"It was like beginning life anew without the vigor and enthusiasm of youth, like learning to become left-handed in old age.†(Page 131) Okonkwo, after noticing change in his society, felt difficult to go on with his life. He had to start a news chapter in his life. This quote illustrates Okonkwo as a person who seems to have lost his will to live life. Okonkwos qualitys and his goal in becoming a fighter, unlike his father, fade away and he becomes a different man. Chapter 15 â€Å"Those were good days when a man had friends in distant clans. Your generation does not know that. You stay at home, afraid of your next-door neighbor. Even a mans motherland is strange to him nowadays.† (Page 137) In this quote, Unchendu is telling Okwondo about the past. Although, the quote refers to men interacting within their classes, on a deeper level, it shows the change that has occurred within the society. People are changing and tradations are changing as well. The traditions that the people of the society want to stay the same are changing as well. This will eventually be the â€Å"things† that fall apart. Yet, all of this was expected. After all, the title of the novel is â€Å"Things Fall Apart.† Since everything was going so perfectly, something was bound to happen. Chapter 16 â€Å"The missionaries had come to Umuofia. They had built their church there, won a handful of converts and were already sending evangelists to the surrounding areas and villages.† (Page 143) The invasion of the Europeans of Africa was expected. Achebe mentions that the missionaries were moving there. Although, I do not endorse the Europeans coming into Africa, the Europeans coming into the village illustrated a very interesting idea the clashing of cultures. Their invasion of the villages illustrated how the traditional values of the Umuofia society could be so easily changed by this modern theology. This gives everyone a chance to think for themselves, rather than simply following what was traditionally thought of to be right. It gave the people a choice. This choice was taken by Nwoye who made his own path in life. Chapter 17 â€Å"Living fire begets cold, impotent ash.†(Page 153) This quote is metaphor for a very important idea. This comes after Nwoyesrejection of traditional Igbo values and conversion to Christianity. Nwoye, the oldest son of Okonkwo, is lazy and weak (according to Okonkwo). This quote emphasizes the realization of Okonkwo that his behavior leaves powerlessness in others, especially his son. Okonkwo believes the Nwoye and his father posses the same weakness. Chapter 18 â€Å"In the land of his fathers where men were bold and warlike. In these seven years he would have climbed to the utmost heights. And so regretted everyday of his exile† (p.163). This excerpt also emphasizes Okonkwos desire for power and status. During his exile, Okonkwo got in touch with the feminine side inside him. Okonkwo is a man who loves courage and Umuofia was full of men who fit that description. It seems that Okonkwo will go back to Umuodia and everything will have changed. After all, the title of the novel is â€Å"Things Fall Apart.† Nothing has â€Å"fallen apart,† yet so something is bound to happen. This idea shows that Achebe, like Charles Dickens, too, uses the idea of foreshadowing. Chapter 19 â€Å"I fear for you young people because you do not understand how strong is the bond of kinship. You do not know what it is to speak with one voice.† (Page 167) This quote is told by an elder to Okwondo. Kinship and connections, which have been crucial parts of the Ibo culture, seem to â€Å"fall apart† as the novel progresses. This quote sparks questions in my mind. Was there any fragmentation amongst the Ibo people from colonization? The Ibo people gathered for wrestling matches and other festivities. Okonkwo clashes with his culture very often. Chapter 20 â€Å"The white man is very clever. He came quietly and peaceably with his religion. We were amused at his foolishness and allowed him to stay. Now he has won our brothers, and our clan can no longer act like one. He has put a knife on the things that held us together and we have fallen apart.† (Page 176) Obierika mourns over the white man coming to Africa. However, at the same time, he believes that it is the Africans fault for letting the white man come. Mr. Brown, the first white missionary, believes that it is necessary to act peacefully in order to convert people. When Reverend Smith replaces him, he goes against the indigenous tribes and treats them badly. Chapter 21 â€Å"He mourned for the clan, which he saw breaking up and falling apart and he mourned for the warlike men of Umuofia, who had so unaccountably become soft like women† (Page 183) Okonkwo wanted that the ideology of his clan should survive. The society to have several violent attributes. By giving into the Christians, Umuofia broke up and fell apart and turned as â€Å"soft as women.† I believed that Okonkwo did not pay the consequences because he killed the messenger. Okonkwo had killed others before. Okonkwo died because he did it for himself and the beliefs of the clan.The quote above not only shows Okonkwos dismay at the fall of the clan, but also his hatred of feminine qualities, a controversial topic in the novel. Chapter 22 He saw things as black and white.And black was evil.He saw the world as a battlefield in whichthe children of light were locked in mortal conflict with the sons of darkness. (Page 184) Mr. Smith speaks against the god Baal. Many struggles against Baal have been mentioned in the Bible. This shows Achebes criticism of racism. Achebe criticizes the â€Å"black and white† idea. Most racism is based on stories rather than any practical events. Therefore, this view has modified reality, something which Achebe seems to be very against. Chapter 23 â€Å"For the first time in many years Okonkwohad a feeling that was akin to happiness. The times which had altered so unaccountably during his exile seemed to be coming round again. The clan which had turned false on him appeared to be making amends.† (Page 192) This quote symbolizes a change, something which has happened very rarely in the novel. The status of the clan remains somewhat the same in various portions of the novel. However, at this time, the tribe is prosperous which is unlike the norm. However, this happiness will not last for long. After all, the novel has to live up to its expectations which are clearly revealed in the novel something must fall apart. This indicates that perhaps the tribe will disintegrate in the last few chapters. This might lead to a drastic turn in the novel. Chapter 24 â€Å"He knew that that Umuofia would not go to war. He knew because they had let the other messengers escape† (Page 205). Okonkwos suicide meant more than his own tragedy. It symbolized the finish of his society and all the values that prevailed. I think he killed himself because he felt there was no more hope in believing that his tribe would survive and defend itself. Okonkwo tried to represent that everything his tribe wanted. If the tribe wasnt going to survive with the way people were growing up, then he wanted to die too. If the societys life was going to be taken, his was going to be taken too. Chapter 25 â€Å"He had already chosen the title of the book, after much thought:The Pacification of the Primitive Tribes of the Lower Niger.† (Page 209) This quote indicates the racist attitude that the District Commissioner has towards the local tribes. He is a pompous man who thinks he understands the indigenous culture and tribes, while he clearly does not. While he feels that he is bringing peace to the region, he is clearly doing nothing of the sort. He also seems to be very shallow. He makes remarks on â€Å"love of superfluous words† of the villagers. In this, he mocks the language of the villagers.

Hitlers Rise to Power :: World War II History

Hitler's Rise to Power Adolf hitler was born in brannau, austria on the 20th of april 1889. His parents belonged to the settled middle class and his father led a thrifty but successful life. At aged 18, hitler moved to vienna where he settled for five years. He described that period of time as the worst years of his life. As a struggling artist, he tried to gain entry into the vienna academy of fine arts but was refused admission. It was in vienna that hitler was influenced by lanz von libenfels and developed very strong nationalist and anti-semitic views. In may 1913, he left for munich. During ww1 in august 1914, he enlisted in the army. he fought on the western front for 4yrs and was awarded the iron cross for bravery. he remained in the army and was given the job of spying on newly developing political parties. One such party was the german workers party founded by anton drexler in 1919. hitler was so impressed at the first meeting by what he saw and heard that he decided to join the organisation. by 1920, he was leader of this party and changed the name to the national socialist workers party, commonly known as the nazi party. The nazis forme their own small army called the SA(sturm abteilung). they were easily recognised by the brown coloured shirts they wore. the SA were used to protect the nazis at any meetings or conferences that were held. hitler made the swastika the emblem of this party. early recruits included ernst rohm, rudolf hess, heinrich himmler and josef goebbels. With the weimar government facing economic and ploitical crisis in 1923, hitler decided to make a bid for power. this came in the form a the munich putsch. On 8th november 1923, nazi's took over a beer hall in munich. many people were killed. hitler was arrested two days later and was sentenced to 5yrs in landsberg castle. he only served 9months of this sentence. while in prison, hitler wrote his famous book 'mein kampf'- my struggle. this book was a long boring insight into the mind of hitler and his anti-semitic views. During his time in prison the nazi party had disintegrated , and its members had become divided. hitler had to spend the next 4yrs rebuilding the party and giving it a solid organisational base. Hitler believed in a true german race devoid of impurity which could be achieved by the elimination of all inferior races.

Customer Service at Ll Bean

Abstract: This case discusses the customer service initiatives of LL Bean, Inc, a US-based multichannel retailer. LL Bean had evolved from being a mail order company selling hunting boots into a leading international retailer selling apparels, home furnishings and outdoor equipment. Its endeavor was to deliver quality products at reasonable prices and offer excellent customer service to customers. In its 98-year long history, the company had preserved the customer-centric tradition set by the founder and had, over the years, molded its operational policies to provide superior purchasing experience to customers. The company believed that a satisfied customer helped build customer loyalty and encouraged repeat purchases, which were essential to achieve success in the retail business. The case discusses in detail the customer-friendly policies of LL Bean and the customer service practices that had resulted in its being recognized as a customer service champion by consumers and industry observers. This also helped the company to perform better than its rivals during the global economic recession of 2007-2009. Experts felt that the company's superior customer service provided it with a competitive edge. The case will help students to: (1) understand the importance of customer service, particularly in the retail industry; (2) study the customer-centric policies of LL Bean and the various practices that the retailer followed to provide superior customer service; (3) understand how the customer-centric policies and practices contributed to the success of LL Bean; and (4) explore strategies that LL Bean could adopt in the future to attract more customers. This case is designed for MBA / MS students and is intended to be part of the marketing management curriculum. It can also be used in the business strategy curriculum. The teaching note includes the abstract, teaching objectives and methodology, assignment questions, feedback of the case discussion, and additional readings and references. It does not contain an analysis of the case.

Hate Crimes against Native Americans Essay

There have been incidents in the past wherein crime victims are people from different racial ethnicities, gender, and group affiliations. The acts perpetrated against them are sometimes motivated by hate. These acts characterize hate crime, which has been prevalent in the United States for many years. There have been periods in time when hate crimes targeted a specific racial group. Hate crimes are violent acts toward people based on race, religion and sexual orientation, and Native Americans became the usual assault victims mainly due to misconceptions of people about them. Hate Crime Hate crime is an old phenomenon that has plagued Americans for many years now. This term and the interest that society has placed on it are recent developments, although the acts associated with hate crimes have a long history. Because of its complexity and the difficulty of including all facets, it would be hard to exhaustively define hate crimes. In addition, people have different concepts of hate crimes. Defining the concept tends to be influenced by one’s social norms, political interests, and cultural differences. It would not be a surprise that there are even various academic and professional definitions of hate crimes around the world (Hall, 2005, pp. 1-2). In its simplest form, hate crimes are defined as violent acts motivated by hate and target people or organizations based on race or the group affiliation that they belong to (Hall, 2005, p. 2; American Psychological Association, 2009). Hate crimes emphasize the underlying values and character of the offenders, which sets hate crimes apart from other criminal acts. In addition, the criminal behavior that the offender exhibits is driven by â€Å"prejudices from criminal conduct motivated by lust, jealousy, greed, politics, and so forth† (Gerstenfeld & Grant, 2003, p. 304). Race and group affiliation are not the sole reasons which motivate hate crimes. In most cases, hate crime victims are targeted because of color, national origin, gender, ethnicity, disability, and sexual orientation (Gerstenfeld & Grant, 2003, p. 304). According to an FBI hate crime report, race outranked religious and sexual orientation as motivation of hate crimes (Ruckman, 2009). Some people engage in hate crimes because they are influenced by alcohol and drugs. However, the main reason is still based on personal prejudice which blinds people to the reality of what they are doing. Aside from these, people commit hate crimes because of a number of reasons such as experiences with members of minority groups, economic conditions, and racial stereotypes. Whatever the reason may be, one hate crime incident can result to domino effect. This is because a hate crime is not just addressed to a single person, but to the group that the victim represents. Thus, acts of hate crimes can cause fear in the entire community (Gerstenfeld & Grant, 2003, p. 304). Victims and Statistics Hate crimes can be categorized depending on the basis for the motive. The basis can be gathered from race, religion, and sexual preference. In more ways, hate crimes serve as hate messages directed to the targets. Hate crime informs the victims that they are not welcome to the community or neighborhood (American Psychological Association, 2009). Racial bias remains the main determinant of hate crimes, which affects African Ameiricans, Native Americans, Caucasians, and Asian/Pacific Islanders. This category of bias refers to the negative opinion towards groups of persons such as blacks, Asians, or whites. This bias is also based on physical characteristics. Religious bias, on the other hand, refers to the negative opinion or attitude directed towards a group of persons who have the same religious beliefs. Lastly, sexual preference bias refers to the negative opinion about a group of persons based on sexual preference (Office of the Attorney General, 2009). 1990-1995 For many years, reports were collected with regards to the prevalence of hate crimes in the United States. Since 1990, The Hate Crime Statistics Act (HCSA) was enacted to gather data on hate crimes from law enforcement agencies from all over the United States. The following year, in 1991, 4,558 cases of hate crimes were gathered from police departments in 32 states. The next year, the data recorded 7,442 incidents. In 1993, there were 7,587 hate crimes, as reported by 6,865 agencies. By 1994, the number dropped to 5,932. The number increased to 7,947 in 1995 (Anti-Defamation League, 2009). Out of this total, 41 incidents targeted Native Americans or Alaskan Natives (CivilRights, n.  d. ). A number of assaults which occurred between these periods were recorded. One such case, which occurred in August 1991, was said to be a dramatic incident of anti-Semitic hate crime. The incident occurred in Brooklyn in a motorcade for Grand Rabbi Menachem Scheerson. During the parade, a Hasidic Jew driving a car accidentally killed a black youth. This event precipitated four days of rioting full of vandalism, assault, and harassments, especially against Jews. During the riot, a 29-year-old rabbinical student was killed by a group of 15 African Americans. This incident was â€Å"one of blind, baseless bigotry and putrid violent hate† (Gerstenfeld & Grant, 2003, p. 305). There were other incidents of hate crime from 1990 t0 1995. In California alone, there were 44 documented cases wherein persons were attacked due to their sexual orientation. The most interesting finding about the cases is that most of the perpetrators were either underage or in their early 20s (Human Rights Campaign, n. d. , p. 2). 1996 In 1996, the number of hate crime incidents increased. The criminal incidents, motivated by bias, reached to 8,759. Around 60% or exactly 5,396 of these incidents were motivated by race (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1996). One percent of the incidents were against Native Americans (Central Michigan University, 2006). Incidents based on religious bias accounted for 1,401 of the total number of incidents. Incidents accounted under sexual-orientation bias were 1,016 in total. Other biases based on ethnicity account for the 946 incidents. The most common form of hate crime was intimidation, which accounted for 39% of the total incidents. Destruction or vandalism came as second while assault was third. During this year, there were 12 recorder individual murders motivated by hate, of which eight were based on racial bias. Furthermore, the detailed information gathered revealed that the state of California has the most number of hate crime incidents, accounting for 2,723 incidents out of the total number of incidents. Intimidation was also the common form of hate crime (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 1996). 1997-1999 The number of hate crime incidents decreased in 1997. From 8,759 incidents in 1996, the number decreased to 8,049 in 1997. The number of incidents further decreased a year later, which accounted for 7,755. The breakdown of the cases according to bias is the following: 4,321 cases were motivated by racial bias, of which 36 were against Native Americans; 1,390 cases by religious bias; and 1,260 cases by sexual orientation. By the year 1999, the number of incidents increased to 7,876. More than 50% of the cases were motivated by racial bias, of which 47 incidents were against Native Americans; 18% motivated by religious bias; and 17% motivated by sexual orientation. Intimidation is still the number one form of hate crime (Uniform Crime Reports, â€Å"Hate Crime Statistics,† n. d. ). One of the brutal cases of hate crime within these periods occurred in 1998, when a disabled man from Texas was murdered. James Byrd, Jr. , a black man, was on his way home from a party when three men offered him a ride to which he agreed. Byrd was taken outside the town and was chained by his ankles to the back of the car. The men then drove the car, thus dragging Byrd along a logging road. Byrd died after having his arm and head ripped apart from his body. This was a traumatizing experience for the black community (Gerstenfeld & Grant, 2003, pp. 304-305). Another hate crime motivated by sexual orientation bias was committed against a gay college student, Matthew Shepard. Two men robbed and beat him with a pistol, after which they tied him to a fence in a near-freezing temperatures. He died from damages to his brain stem. Another incident took place in Alabama in 1999. Billy Jack Gaither was abducted by two men who got angry by an alleged sexual advance of Gaither. They beat him with an ax handle and set him on fire atop burning tires (Human Rights Campaign, n. d. ). 2000 By 2000, there was again an increase in the number of hate crime incidents as recorded by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The number was 8,063, wherein 53. 8% accounted for racial bias, 18. 3% motivated by religious bias, and 16. 1% motivated by sexual-orientation bias. The main form of hate crime, like from the past years, is intimidation. By this year, the number of offenses against Native American increased from 47 in 1999 to 57 in 2000 (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2001). Murder cases directly connected to hate crime decreased to 16, from a previous 28 in 1999. Chicago, Columbus, and Colorado have increasing murder trends while New York City, Michigan, San Francisco and Houston have decreasing trends. However, murder is just the tip of the iceberg. Out of all the hate crimes documented for the year 2000, hate crimes occurred in different forms in higher number than the murder cases. Verbal harassment has the highest number of hate crime incidents, accounting for 1,337 cases. Intimidation is also at the top of the list with 951 cases. Assault/attempted murder comes next with 786 cases. Vandalism accounts for 120 cases while robbery and sexual assaults account for 95 and 80 cases, respectively (Moore, 2001, pp. 12-13). 2001-2004 The incidence of hate crimes increased significantly during 2001. The number of incidences was 9,730, registering a 20. 7% increase. Racial bias was the leading motivation, accounting for 44. 9% (Anti-Defamation League, 2005). One percent of these incidents victimized Native Americans. This implies that one in ten hate crimes is targeted against the natives. This was said to be an interesting finding because Native Americans, along with Alaskan natives, comprise less than 1% of the U. S. population (Broyles, 2009, p. 30). Also, religious bias accounted for 18. 8% while sexual orientation bias was 14. 3%. The majority of the religious bias incidents were anti-Semitic crimes (Anti-Defamation League, 2005). The following year, FBI reported that the number of hate crime incidents decreased by almost 25%. Incidents were 7,462, as reported by FBI. As expected, racial bias was seen as the primary motivation, which accounted to almost half of all the incidents during this year (Associated Press, 2003). In addition, there was an increase in the number of incidents against Native Americans. This year, the incidents reached 62 (Federal Bureau of Investigation, n. d. ). Also, more than 19% accounted for religious bias and 16. 7% on sexual-orientation bias (Uniform Crime Reports, â€Å"Hate Crime Statistics, 2002,† n. d. ). From 2003 to 2004, the number of hate crime incidents rose by 0.  9%, from 7,489 incidents in 2003 (Federal Bureau of Investigation, Miami Division, 2005) to 7,649 in 2004 (Federal Bureau of Investigation, n. d. ). Out of the number of incidents in 2003, racial bias was again the main motivation for the crimes, religious bias followed, and then sexual orientation bias (Federal Bureau of Investigation, Miami Division, 2005). Again, there was an increase in the number of incidents against Native Americans, the total reaching 76 (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2004). In 2004, more than 50% accounted for incidents motivated by racial bias. Religious bias accounted for 18% of the incidents while 15. 7% accounted for sexual-orientation bias (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2005, p. 5). It would be interesting to know that crimes motivated by biases in race, religion and sexual orientation comprised a very small percentage of the total number of crimes in 2004. Crimes motivated by bias were only 0. 05% (Tennessee Bureau of Investigation, 2005, p. 12). In addition, the number of incidents against Native Americans increased to 83 (federal Bureau of Investigation, n. d. ). 2005 until the present From 2005 to 2006, there was a 7. 8% increase in the number of hate crime incidents while there was a downward trend from 2006 to 2007. The data from FBI showed that racial bias was the persistent motivation for all crimes, followed by religious bias and sexual orientation bias. In addition, intimidation was the main form of hate crime, except in 2007 where the main form is destruction/damage/vandalism (Federal Bureau of Investigation, n. d. ). Native Americans as Victims Native Americans, also called American Indians, populated North America even before Europeans arrived. In fact, they have been living in the land for many years (NativeAmericans, 2007). The arrival of Europeans in America was the onset of the hate crimes that targeted Native Americans (Bureau of Justice Assistance, 1997). Europeans were materialistic and culturally arrogant that they wanted to lay claim on the land that Native Americans resided on (NativeAmericans, 2007). American Indians found the attitude of Europeans repulsive (NativeAmericans, 2007). Thus, the natives resisted the invaders. In turn, the Europeans considered the Indians as barbaric. Although most of the natives remained passive, they did not experience so much hate crime as to the near genocide of the Yuki and Cheyenne Indians. By 1848, Indians were already the subject of violence through kidnapping, sexual assault, starvation, depletion of food supplies, fraud, theft, murder, and other atrocities. It was found out that Europeans wanted to exterminate the natives to give way to White settlements. In addition, the state itself sponsored kill parties to achieve this goal (Gerstenfeld & Grant, 2003, p. 6). In lieu with the genocide, Broyles argued that not all of the deaths were done intentionally (2009, p. 29). The diseases that Europeans brought with them killed many Indians. Aside from the genocide, there were also conflicts which led to events victimizing the natives. Some of these events were the Indian Wars and the establishment of the Indian Removal Act signed by then President Andrew Jackson. The Native Americans were defenseless because they were outnumbered. Aside from this, they lacked advanced weapons and were not willing to cooperate (NativeAmericans, 2007).

The Jungle †Analysis and Book Review

The Jungle – Analysis and Book Review Free Online Research Papers The Jungle Analysis: I feel extremely fortunate that as a whole, working families today do not experience as many tragedies as the characters in Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle experienced during the beginning of the 20th century. While reading The Jungle I learned that the rights and welfare of the average American working man and woman have dramatically increased over the past hundred years. Although some of the same social, economic, and political problems still occur in our society, the problems are far less prevalent than they were during the time Sinclair wrote The Jungle. The novel follows the lives a large Lithuanian family during the early 1900s that immigrates to the United States in the pursuit of freedom and happiness. The family of eleven took what little money they had with them to the United States with the hope of escaping poverty and providing a better life for their children. After a long, arduous journey across the Atlantic Ocean, the family arrived in New York and was swindled out most of their savings by police who were supposed to protect them. The family continued to travel to Chicago (Packingtown), where they finally settled down. Upon arrival in Packingtown, the family found that the cost of living in the United States was far more expensive than in Lithuania. To further add to the family’s dismay, they learned that the only employment available to Cote Page 2 non-English speaking, uneducated, and hardworking immigrants like themselves in Packingtown was scarce, unstable, arduous, and dangerous. Packingtown was designed to mak e families dependent on working in factories. When an employee in a factory hurt themselves or was fell ill, they would quickly be tossed aside and filled with a fresh worker. Employers in Packingtown demanded 16 hour workdays from their employees and rewarded them with meat infected with tuberculosis, low wages, and fatigue. Large businesses were able to commit such atrocities because they paid off politicians, police, and union leaders. Another reason employers were able to treat their employees so badly was because unemployment was so high. There was a constant supply of working men and women to fill any persons job who may quit out of protest. Politicians had no desire to address the needs of their constituents and only had their own special interests in mind. Both the Democrat and Republican Parties bought votes and manipulated countless elections. The Democrat party was among the biggest offenders and was also the largest party in Packingtown. Men who held political office weren’t fresh young men who were elected every couple of years, they were the same, elder incumbents who had held office for 30 years or more. Although these incumbents had experience, they were often jaded and usually looked out for their interests first, large business interests second, and the working peoples interests last. One of the most tragic concepts I found in Sinclair’s novel was the class system. At the present we have the privilege to strive for a better life and attempt to better ourselves economically through education. During the early 1900’s, most of the people were born and Cote Page 3 died in the same class. The gap between the rich and the poor was extremely large and there was hardly any middle class citizens. Many of the immigrant families who flocked to the United States during the time actually left better circumstances in their home countries to work in places like Packingtown which killed men by overworking them. I found it extremely saddening to read about how the large Lithuanian family arrived in the United States with dignity, integrity, and determination only to loose it all to Packingtown. One of the main reasons why I feel the main character of the novel, Jurgis, embraced the Communist Party with such passion as he did was because he had experienced every social ill which the United States had offered at the time. His wife was forced into prostitution, his child died from neglect, many of his loved ones died from overwork and starvation, and countless friends and other family members continued to live the rest of their lives working in the slaughterhouses of Packingtown. The Communist Party was so popular at the time because citizens found that the Republican and Democrat parties weren’t doing enough for them. The Communist Party was built on the platform of helping the working men and women of the United States. Voters responded overwhelmingly in favor of Communism because they were tired of being mistreated by big businesses through the country. Although Communism was never a major political force in the United States for an extended period of time, I believe it sent a message to the major parties to reform or be thrown out by a non-corrupted party. Upon completion of The Jungle I found it extremely amazing how quickly technology and legislation has proved safer, cleaner, and less strenuous work environments in less then a Cote Page 4 hundred years. I credit the change of work conditions and environments to not only the politicians and inventors in this country, but to the working men and women who killed themselves trying to provide a better life for their families. Research Papers on The Jungle - Analysis and Book Review19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceQuebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesCapital PunishmentThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 155

Essay Example Socialism is often perceived, by many, as the softest form of Communism. It is a political, social, and economic structure that advocates â€Å"collectiveness,† which grants the means of production and distribution of goods into the hands of the government and out of the hands of companies and individuals; essentially eliminating â€Å"private† property all together. Libertarianism and Conservativism were the two most common and widely embraced political and governmental ideologies throughout large parts of Europe in the 19th century. However, towards the latter part of the 19th century the socialist ideology first became more popular. No doubt a direct reaction to the Capitalist ideology that was ideal for the upper class, but was far less beneficial for the working class and the poor, made Socialism so attractive. Karl Marx wrote the â€Å"Communist Manifesto,† detailing his vision of the ideal society; he believed that could never be achieved through Capitalism. Capitalism is like a pyramid it is really only going to be beneficial for those at the apex, never those at the foundational base. Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German born philosopher and thinker. He became a journalist and harsh political critic with strong opinions, many of which were rather controversial. His socialist and budding communist views would ultimately get him literally exiled from both France and Germany. He would eventually spend his exile in London, England, where he would ultimately remain until his death at the age of 65. He believed that the class struggle would never end and the gap between them would only widen. He believed that Capitalism was, in fact, a kind of â€Å"dictatorship of the bourgeoisies.† Eventually their irreconcilable differences would result in the fall of Capitalism and then the people would implement Socialism. However, Marx

Major global crimes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Major global crimes - Essay Example Society is a very important component of any criminal justice system. There are four or five major types of societal set ups as far as law is concerned. Fork communal society is that considered to be barbaric/ primitive. It is associated with people of low education levels and economic backgrounds. The society have few law personnel hence more law offenders goes unpunished while suspects goes untried. But repeated offences could be punished by harsh or unusual punishments. This type of society is common in Africa as well as Middle East countries. Urban commercial societies are characterized by few stipulated laws. The king or some religious leaders could be mandated to create their own laws to guide the community as a whole. The punishments to law breakers are indefinite but they are harsh enough to pass some warnings to the rest of the society members. Urban industrial society is another kind of society set up where law abiders are provided with some kinds of incentives. Police in t his kind of society are given the responsibility to protect people’s property from theft and any kind of vandalism. Lastly, bureaucratic societies are the current or modern society set ups in different parts of the world. They are characterized by comprehensive written laws as well as law professionals like lawyers, judges, police forces with different specializations in accordance with various crime types. An international law comprise of the generalization of several legal traditions as a unit. The international law is formed in such away that each state or tradition is fully represented. This is to eliminate any kind of biasness. Several legal traditions exist and they include; common law which is majorly associated with Britain and its former colonies, civil law is associated with some African and European countries. Socialist law on the hand comprise of modified versions of civil law. Such modifications are in accordance with Marxist-Leninist theories among other theorie s. This kind of law is majorly associated with Russia and its neighbors. Islamic law is drawn from religious point of view and is associated with all countries where Islamic exists. Policing is the initial stage of encounter between the law offender and the criminal justice system. The police are expected to do some investigations following some crime then make arrests. However, a special kind of police reinforcement called Law enforcement agency may be required should the criminal be regarded harmful to the society or the country in general. The police may be compelled to use some legal forces to ensure social as well as public orders are adhered to. Even though different countries and states has different police structures, common role of police is to maintain law and order, further more, they are meant to serve the society with total equality. Court is a judicial unit where criminal cases are heard before their verdicts are provided. The main aim of the courts is to render justic e to both the accused and the plaintiff. Several countries have different court systems. For instance, USA among other nations regards a defendant as either guilty or not guilty and not innocent as applied in other countries. USA uses the adversarial system where both the defendant and the plaintiff argue the case by giving their

BURGER KING CASE STUDY Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BURGER KING CASE STUDY - Term Paper Example Thus, in modern marketing strategies, marketers have mastered the art of creating a need for their product or service offerings or constantly surprising the marketplace, an area where they have a high level of dexterity (Boone and Kurtz 11). The â€Å"Whopper Freakout† marketing campaign of Burger King is one of them. Although the forefront intention behind this was to find out if Whopper was the market’s favorite burger sandwich, the basic goal was still to create a need because this potentially resulted to word-of-mouth promotion highlighting the major justifications of the said product. The â€Å"Whopper Freakout† marketing campaign was a promotional strategy underlying the concept of viral marketing campaigns. Thus, aside from this, there are other principal advantages and disadvantages of using viral marketing campaigns to promote a product. One possible disadvantage of viral marketing campaign is the risk of flooding negative opinions associated with a cert ain product or brand. Viral marketing could potentially be successful on the part of the company if it is associated with positive conversation on a certain product or brand (Faheem 3). ... Thus, applying viral marketing would just ensure giving more to its advantage while ensuring at some point a fast-paced promotion. Therefore, it is clear that the major advantage of viral marketing campaign is speed (Schirmer 33). Through the word of mouth, if information is just only associated with positive opinions, viral marketing campaign is reliable based on the effectiveness of the speed of promotion. Thus, this would further minimize the additional cost that should be incurred in the dissemination of information that would be associated with the product or service offerings or brands. 2. Discuss the factors that resulted in the success of the Whopper Freakout campaign. Also enumerate the possible drawbacks of the campaign. One of the elemental factors that made Whopper Freakout campaign a success is the fact that Whopper was already one of its market’s favorite burger. In the event that this burger would have substantial issue, it would eventually become an integral co mponent of consumers’ conversation in their daily lives, especially among those who have positive experience with this product. This is due to the fact that Whopper is a consumer good in a form of food. Considering that every people need to eat daily, Whopper Freakout campaign is such a strong strategic marketing campaign in order to reinforce customers regarding the prevailing status of the said product. Furthermore, when consumers would be informed about the status of the said product and they have important concerns as in line with their relevant impressions of it, application of viral marketing campaign would make sense. In fact, the success of this marketing activity is highly dependent on consumers’ first impression (Allen 151). As stated earlier, since